| Sažetak | Zbog velike industrijske i vojne upotrebe eksploziva dolazi do značajne kontaminacije tla i voda
te ugrožavanja životne sredine ljudi, flore i faune. Ključnu ulogu u rješavanju problema
zagađenja ima znanstveni pristup pronalaska učinkovitih metoda razgradnje eksploziva. Cilj
ovog rada je prikazati, na temelju dostupne literature, metode razgradnje heksahidro-1,3,5-
trinitro-1,3,5-triazina (RDX) koji se koristi kao visokoeksplozivno sredstvo kako u ratnim
zbivanjima tako i na vojnim poligonima u mirnodopsko vrijeme. Važnu ulogu u sanaciji tla i
voda onečišćenih RDX-om imaju biološke metode anaerobne i aerobne biorazgradnje kao i
kemijske metode poput adsorpcije aktivnim ugljenom, oksidacijom, fotolizom i hidrolizom. Za
dokazivanje prisutnosti RDX-a i njegovih razgradnih produkata mogu se koristiti analitičke
metode poput visokoučinkovite tekućinske kromatografije (HPLC), diferencijalno skenirajuće
kalorimetrije (DSC), infracrvene spektroskopije s Fouirerovom transformacijom (FTIR),
spektrometrije masa (MS). |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Due to the large industrial and military use of explosives, there is significant contamination of
soil and water and endangering the environment of people and flora and fauna. A key role in
solving the problem of pollution is played by the scientific approach of finding effective methods
of decomposing explosives. The aim of this paper, based on the available literature, is to present
the methods of decomposition of RDX as an exhaustively used explosive both in war events and
on military training grounds in peacetime. Biological methods of anaerobic and aerobic
biodegradation, as well as chemical methods such as activated carbon adsorption, oxidation,
photolysis and hydrolysis, play an important role in remediation of RDX-contaminated soils and
waters. Analytical methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fouirer transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and
mass spectroscopy (MS) can be used to detect the presence of RDX and its degradation products.
Key words: explosive, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), biodegradation, anaerobic,
aerobic, chemical degradation, photolysis, hydrolysis, activated carbon adsorption, oxidation,
analytical methods |
