Značaj podzemnog prostora u urbanim operacijama u ratovima 21 stoljeća

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Significance of Underground Space in Urban Operations in the 21st Century Wars
• Author: Marko Brkiš
• Mentor: Mladen Pahernik (mentor)
• Mentor: Marko Zečević (mentor)
• Committee member: Igor Štambuk (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mladen Pahernik (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Zečević (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; (Croatian Defence Academy "Dr. Franjo Tuđman"); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Security and Defense Science
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences

Abstract

Tema ovoga rada je značaj podzemnog prostora u urbanim operacijama u ratovima 21. stoljeća. U uvodu prolazimo kroz temeljne definicije podzemnog ratovanja i korištenja tunela, špilja i podzemnog prostora bilo prirodnih ili onih koje je napravio čovjek. Kroz povijesni pregled korištenja podzemnih zaklona u obrambene svrhe ili tunela izrađenih u svrhu napada spominju se i geološka razmatranja za uspješnu izradu. U drugom dijelu ovoga rada razmatramo prošlost vojnih sukoba, ratova i vojnih operacija u kojima je podzemni prostor odigrao bitnu ulogu. U tom dijelu rada kroz povijesne primjere pratimo razvoj, načine izrade i razloge korištenja podzemnih objekata bilo u napadne ili obrambene svrhe. Navedeno je koje su protumjere korištene za borbu protiv protivnika koji je upotrebljavao podzemni prostor u svojoj taktici. Kroz taj povijesni pregled vraćamo se u dalju povijest te kronološki napredujemo do kraja 20. stoljeća spominjući važnije sukobe u kojima je taktika korištenja podzemnog prostora bila primjenjivana. U trećem dijelu ovog rada daje se pregled kako se i na koje načine koristi podzemni prostor u sukobima 21. stoljeća tj. u urbanim operacijama provođenim na području Bliskog istoka i Afganistana. Budući da na tom području traju sukobi nedržavnih aktera prvenstveno terorističkih organizacija, radi se o asimetričnom ratovanju, jer te organizacije koriste „gerilske“ taktike kako bi se uopće mogli borili protiv tehnološki naprednijeg protivnika. Na kraju rada još se spominju nove tehnologije i načini borbe protiv podzemnih objekata, kako se boriti u njima te kako detektirati i uništiti takve objekte.

Abstract (english)

The theme of this paper is the siginificance of underground space in urban operations in the 21st century wars. In the introduction we go through the underlying definitions of the underground warfare and the use of tunnels, caves and underground spaces, either natural or man made. Through the historical overview of the use of the underground shelters for defensive purposes or tunnels made for attack, geological considerations for successful designation are also mentioned. In the second part of this paper we discuss the past of military conflicts, wars and military operations in which the underground space played an important role. In this section of the paper, through historical examples, we follow the development, desings and reasons for using underground facilities for attack or defense purposes. The paper states which counter-mesures were used to oppose opponents that used underground space in their tactics. Through this historical review, we return to ancient history and chronologically progress to the end of the 20th century, mentioning the most important conflicts in which the tactics of using the underground space was applied. In the third part of this paper, there is an overview of how and in what ways is the underground space used in 21st century conflicts, i.e. in urban operations carried out in the Middle East and Afganistan. Since there are conflicts between non state actors, primarily terrorist organizations, it is about asymmetric warfare because these organizations use the „guerrilla“ tactics to be able to fight against a technologically advanced opponent. The end of this paper covers new technologies and the ways of combatting in the underground structures, the ways to fight in them, how to detect and destroy them.

• Keywords: podzemni prostori; tuneli; špilje; urbano ratovanje; Bliski Istok
• Keywords (english): undergroung terrain; tunnel; caves; urban warfare; the Middle East
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:249:660908
• Study programme: Title: Military Leadership and Management; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) vojnog vođenja i upravljanja (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) vojnog vođenja i upravljanja)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2019-11-11 14:25:19