EKSTRAKCIJA KSENOBIOTIKA MIKROVALOVIMA IZ SEDIMENATA I TLA ZA KROMATOGRAFSKU ANALIZU

undergraduate thesis

• Author: Simona Ilova
• Mentor: Danijela Ašperger (mentor)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; (Croatian Defence Academy "Dr. Franjo Tuđman"); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences

Abstract

Razvoj industrije i povećanje broja ljudske populacije uzrokuje sve veće onečišćavanje okoliša
ksenobioticima koji već desetljećima predstavljaju ekološki problem. Ksenobiotici (pesticidi,
farmaceutici, površinske aktivne tvari i sl.) su sve sintetičke tvari antropogenog porijekla koji su
neizostavni dio mnogih djelatnosti u ljudskom životu i zbog svakodnevne uporabe lako
dospijevaju u okoliš, a najviše u vodu, sediment i tlo. Jednom kada dospiju u okoliš stvaraju
veliki problem jer mogu utjecati i na zdravlje ljudi i životinja te rast biljaka. Stoga je nužno
pratiti sve ksenobiotike u okolišu kako bi se moglo predvidjeti njihovo ponašanje i odrediti
postupke njihova uklanjanja iz okoliša.
Praćenje ksenobiotika u svim uzorcima iz okoliša, pa tako i iz sedimenta, provodi se
kromatografskim metodama. Međutim, da bi bilo moguće kromatografsko određivanje
ksenobiotika u sedimentu treba provesti odgovarajuću pripremu uzoraka.
Cilj ovoga rada bio je optimirati dvije metode ekstrakcije (mikrovalovima (MAE) i ultrazvukom
(UAE) potpomognute ekstrakcije) ispitivanih ksenobiotika iz grupe antiparazitika (albendazol,
febantel i levamisol) iz sedimenta za kromatografsku analizu s detektorom s nizom dioda
(HPLC-DAD).
Najbolji radni uvjeti i rezultati dobiveni su sa ultrazvučnom ekstrakcijom u smjesi metanol:voda
i metanol:acetonitril pri temperaturi od 55°C i vremenu trajanja ekstrakcije od 45 min.

Abstract (english)

The development of industry and the increase in the number of human populations is causing
increasing pollution of the environment with xenobiotics, which have been an environmental
problem for decades. Xenobiotics (pesticide, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, etc.) are all synthetic
substances of anthropogenic origin that are an indispensable part of many activities in human life
and due to daily use easily reach the environment, especially water, sediment and soil. Once they
reach the environment, they create a big problem because they affect both human and animal
health and plant growth. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor all xenobiotics in the environment
to be able to predict their behavior and determine the procedures for their removal from the
environment.
Monitoring of xenobiotics in all samples from the environment, including sediment, is performed
by chromatographic methods. However, to be able to chromatographically determine the
xenobiotics in the sediment, appropriate sample preparation should be performed.
The aim of this study was to optimize two extraction methods (microwave (MAE) and
ultrasound (UAE) assisted extraction) of the examined xenobiotics from the group of
antiparasitic (albendazole, febantel and levamisole) from sediment for chromatographic analysis
with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD).
The optimum conditions and results were obtained with ultrasonic extraction in a mixture of
methanol: water and methanol: acetonitrile at a temperature of 55 oC and extraction time of 45
min.

• Keywords: ksenobiotici; antiparazitici; kromatografska analiza; tekućinska kromatografija visoke djelotvornosti; mikrovalna ekstrakcija; ultrazvučna ekstrakcija
• Keywords (english): xenobiotic; antiparasitics; chromatographic analysis; high performance liquid chromatography; microwave extraction; ultrasonic extraction
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:249:798173
• Study programme: Title: Military Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica inženjer/inženjerka vojnog inženjerstva (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica inženjer/inženjerka vojnog inženjerstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Closed access
• Created on: 2022-01-13 14:21:15